Wi-Fi upload throughput collapse (to roughly 10-16 Mbit/s) observed on Apple MacBook with M5 processor and the Apple N1 Wi-Fi chip when SEP's Firewall (Network Filter) is enabled.
This is not related to the SEP agent's own filtering logic and it is in the underlying Apple NetworkExtension.framework code path that any packet-level network filter (from any vendor) must go through when registered on macOS.