You are looking to replace VMCA root certificate from a self-signed to a CA signed certificate and you are seeking to know it's effects from NSX perspective and this KB provides information on impacts of VMCA root certificate replacement in NSX perspective specifically and not the impacts it may have on the VC itself or the ESXi's.
VMware NSX
"Down" status until the new thumbprint is updated in the NSX UI under System > Fabric > Compute Managers.Note: As with any changes, replacing VMCA certificate is recommended over a maintenance window.
As mentioned above, this KB only talks about impacts of replacing VMCA root certificate from NSX perspective and for guidance on impacts relating to VC itself and ESXi's, please open a case with Broadcom Support team for validation and for any further queries on impacts or issues faced during or after VMCA certificate replacement.
Follow the below KB to resolve the thumbprint mismatch issue after the vCenter certificate replacement.
After the vCenter Server certificate is replaced, the compute manager connection is "Down" in the NSX UI