VMware vSphere 7.x
The issue is due to one of the underlying disk reporting i/o error when vSAN recovery module attempts to verify and resync the metadata.
In /var/run/log/vmkernel.log, you will see the below events
2025-05-27T04:01:22.405Z cpu47:2098269)Vol3: 2128: Couldn't read volume header from naa.51402ec014de04c7:1: I/O error
2025-05-27T04:01:22.406Z cpu26:2098281)Vol3: 2128: Couldn't read volume header from naa.51402ec014de04c8:1: I/O error
2025-05-27T04:01:22.406Z cpu26:2098274)Vol3: 2128: Couldn't read volume header from naa.51402ec014de04c5:1: I/O error