This is a Guest OS MS-2012R2 specific issue due to missing updates (KB2975061 & KB2919355), which gives the following error when trying to run vSphere installer exe or VMware tools exe-
VMware vCenter Server
MS-2012R2 needs to have the following updates from Microsoft in order for the vSphere installer and other software's like VMware tools executables to run further-
KB2975061 - https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=43531
KB2919355 - https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=42334
Install the required hot-fixes to the same windows based jump-host and post that try to run the vCSA 8.x installer.
Note - Once the update KB2975061 is installed, it will further allow you to manually install update KB2919355
Or
Use another jump-host having supported OS like MS-2016 (64-bit) onwards