On a newly installed vCenter Server 8.x, you are not able to login with domain alias or short name while login with full domain name is working.
Example:
domain name : mydomain.local
alias : MYDOMAIN
vpxd.log file, you can see line similar to:
<timestamp> error vpxd[06300] [Originator@6876 sub=User opID=6422cb70] Failed to authenticate user
<timestamp> error vpxd[06300] [Originator@6876 sub=Default opID=6422cb70] [VpxLRO] -- ERROR lro-435429 -- SessionManager -- vim.SessionManager.login: :vim.fault.InvalidLogin
--> Result:
--> (vim.fault.InvalidLogin) {
--> faultCause = (vmodl.MethodFault) null,
--> faultMessage =
--> msg = ""
--> }
--> Args:
-->
--> Arg userName:
--> "MYDOMAIN\MYUSER"
--> Arg password:
--> (not shown)
-->
--> Arg locale:
-->
vCenter Server 8.x
vCenter 8.x fresh install does not retain embedded AD-over-LDAP identity source, as a result the domain alias or short name is unknown.
For more information regarding vSphere Authentication:
If more information is required please reach out to VMware through Broadcom Support Portal.