3rd party security extensions monitoring high network throughput applications, can sometimes trigger a packet ordering issue within the macOS 15 network framework, which then causes a TCP connection drops.
We are working with Apple on a full resolution. We have seen improvements in the macOS 15.3 release and will continue to update this article as more information is available.
For VPN issues, a workaround is to add a bypass rule to the process. Example:
/System/Library/Frameworks/NetworkExtension.framework/**
Performs any Operation > Bypass
Note: This is just a generic example. The recommendation would be to add the full path to the exact process.