You are suddenly seeing this error "access to vhost '/' refused for user 'xxx': vhost '/' is down" in the environment where this particular user is granted to access to vhost '/'.
Opensource RabbitMQ but could be other platforms too
There could be different causes but mainly due to constrained resources, the vhost is now stopped
Run this command in order to restart the down vhost --> "sudo rabbitmqctl restart_vhost"