You are unable to delete partitions from the ESXi host UI, even after the host was recently rebooted.
Attempting to alter either the partition table, or the partitions themselves with the partedUtil command from the ESXI CLI, errors with read-only errors similar to those below.
#partedUtil delete /dev/disks/naa.<disk id> 2
Error: Read-only file system during write on /dev/disks/naa.<disk id>
Unable to delete partition 2 from device /dev/disks/naa.<disk id>
ESXi host with a disk that cannot be used because there are partitions that cannot be deleted because they are marked as read-only.
This may happen if the disk was used to create a datastore during the installation process or if it is used for a core dump location or for system logs.
esxcli system coredump partition list
esxcli system syslog config get
partedUtil delete <diskName> <partNum>
partedUtil mklabel <diskName> <partNum>
gpt