An error "A vCenter upgrade is already running" can be seen during vCenter reduced downtime upgrade is in progress and the vcenter reduced downtime upgrade operation will be failed.
VCF 5.2.1
There can be a previous appliance patching/update operation in progress because of which a precheck error is thrown,
in such cases please query the status of appliance patching / update with the help of steps provided in this KB
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Basic $base64_encoded_sso_admin_credentials" -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://vcenter.example.com/api/session
curl -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "vmware-api-session-id: $session" -X GET https://vcenter.example.com/rest/appliance/update["value"]["state"] STAGE_IN_PROGRESS or INSTALL_IN_PROGRESS or ROLLBACK_IN_PROGRESS then monitor the status by repeating step 3.a , until response["value"]["state"] reaches UP_TO_DATE or the response ["value"]["task"]["status"] is FAILED and retry the upgrade.