CPU data cache timing can be abused to efficiently leak information out of mis-speculated CPU execution, leading to (at worst) arbitrary virtual memory read vulnerabilities across local security boundaries in various contexts. (Speculative execution is an automatic and inherent CPU performance optimization used in all modern processors).
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures project (cve.mitre.org) has assigned the identifier CVE-2017-5753 (Bounds Check bypass) to these issues.