Is there a limit to the number of "allowed IP addressed" entries or rules in either the vCenter Server Appliance or ESXi firewalls?
vCenter Server Appliance Firewall
There is no enforced limit within kernel and firewall rules.
Be aware : The higher number of configured firewall rules the more CPU the VM will require and consume. Every packet has to be checked against each rule consuming more CPU. A high number of rules may saturate available CPU resources and cause dropped packets.
ESXi Hosts
Maximum allowed IPs per ruleset is 128 on ESXi hosts.