ESXi ホスト上の VMkernel ポートの固定ルートを構成する

VMware vSphere ESXi

This article provides information about the command to configure routes to additional gateways for VMkernel ports on an ESXi host.

Symptoms:

Disclaimer -
- This is a Japanese translation of the English article " Configuring static routes for vmkernel ports on an ESXi host (2001426) ".
- This article is translated on a best-effort basis, so the localized content may not be up to date. Please refer to the English article for the latest information.

Unlike ESX, ESXi does not have a service console. The management network runs on a VMkernel port and therefore uses the default VMkernel gateway.
An ESXi/ESX host can have only one VMkernel default gateway configured. However, you can add static routes to additional gateways/routers from the command line.
To configure a static route to a second gateway/router for the management network, follow these steps -
- Open a console to the ESXi or ESX host. For more information, see Using ESXi Shell in ESXi
- In ESXi 4.x and 5.0, run this command -
  - esxcfg-route -a target_network_IP netmask default_gateway
- For example, to add a route to the 192.168.#.# target network IP with a /24-bit subnet mask (255.255.255.0) through a router with an IP address of 192.168.#.#, run one of the following commands -
  - esxcfg-route -a 192.168.#.#/24 192.168.#.#
    - OR
  - esxcfg-route -a 192.168.#.# 255.255.255.0 192.168.#.#

Note - In ESXi 5.0, static routes are different across reboots. To ensure that the static route you add persists, add the command to the /etc/rc.local file.
For more information, see Modifying the rc.local or local.sh file in VMware vSphere ESXi to execute commands while booting
In ESXi 5.1 and 5.5, run this command -
- esxcli network ip route ipv4/ipv6 add --gateway IPv4_address_of_router --network IPv4_address
For example, to add a route to the 192.168.#.# network with a /24-bit subnet mask (255.255.255.0) through a router with IP address 192.168.#.#, run this command -
- esxcli network ip route ipv4 add --gateway 192.168.#.# --network 192.168.#.#/24
Once finished, check the ESXi host current routing table by running the command esxcfg-route -l. All static routes will be displayed in the output.

Note -

The Host Profiles feature in the vCenter Server does not save or apply static routes on ESXi 5.0 and 4.x hosts.
In ESXi 5.1 and ESXi 5.5, Host Profiles are used to save or apply all manually configured static routes.
For this feature to work properly, you must add static routes by following the process described in steps 1-3.
This creates a host profile from the host. This profile can then be applied to other hosts and they will contain the static routes.

To successfully add a static route, the host must have direct subnet access to the specified router through one of its VMkernel ports.
If it does not have this access, it will not be able to communicate with the gateway router and will report the following error -
- Unable to route to gateway address 192.168.#.# No route exists to that subnet.
For example, if you want to route to the 192.168.#.#/24 network through a gateway router 192.168.#.#, then the host must have a VMkernel port configured in the 192.168.#.#/24 network, or it will not be able to communicate with 192.168.#.# to forward traffic related to this static route.
The host's routing table must have an entry for this network as a Local Subnet Access network. You can verify this by running the esxcfg-route -l command.
You cannot have two default gateways, so you cannot add a new gateway for an existing subnet in the VMkernel.
In the previous example, if you try to add a new gateway for the 192.168.#.#/24 network, you get an error similar to the following -
- Found duplicate route to network 192.168.#.#/#24. Please remove the old route first.

Note:

If you want to create custom network entries while configuring routes in Auto Deploy, it is recommended to use an answer file from a reference ESXi host.
For more information, see the https://techdocs.broadcom.com/us/en/vmware-cis/vsphere/vsphere/6-7/esxi-installation-and-setup-6-7.html
Refer - Configuring static routes for vmkernel ports on an ESXi host