Newer versions of Artifactory may contain different ciphers for SSL communication. Content Library maintains a list of approved ciphers and the handshake succeeds only if the target supports one of these. For example, in vCenter 6.7 p01, here is the list of approved ciphers:
"TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"
"TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"