The ESXi host was in "Not responding" state in vCenter because the vpxa agent shut down due to an error while parsing an "empty firewall rule set"
In the vpxa.log you see entries similar to:
error vpxa[9DE0B70] [Originator@6876 sub=vmomi.soapStub[1]]
--> Required property rule is missing from data object of type HostFirewallRuleset
-->
--> while parsing serialized DataObject of type vim.host.Ruleset
--> error parsing Any with xsiType HostFirewallRuleset
--> at line 7, column 370
-->
--> while parsing property "val" of static type anyType
-->
--> while parsing serialized DataObject of type vmodl.query.PropertyCollector.Change
--> at line 7, column 292
-->
--> while parsing property "changeSet" of static type ArrayOfPropertyChange
-->
--> while parsing serialized DataObject of type vmodl.query.PropertyCollector.ObjectUpdate
--> at line 7, column 211
-->
--> while parsing property "objectSet" of static type ArrayOfObjectUpdate
error vpxa[8E7AB70] [Originator@6876 sub=VpxaHalCnxHostagent opID=WFU-41a7] Got error result from WaitForUpdates(): N5Vmomi5Fault11SystemError9ExceptionE(vmodl.fault.SystemError)
--> [context]zKq7AUoCAgAAAGA8ZwAPdnB4YQAAv8UtbGlidm1hY29yZS5zbwAAMloSAA/QDQEOcw1saWJ2bW9taS5zbwABVDwNAbU/DQGpgg0B1VUNAhFZFnZweGEAAGM3IACOOyAAhYIgAMRCLgPKbABsaWJwdGhyZWFkLnNvLjAABE5JDWxpYmMuc28uNgA=[/context]
error vpxa[8E7AB70] [Originator@6876 sub=VpxaHalCnxHostagent opID=WFU-41a7] Fatal error while handling updates: N5Vmomi5Fault11SystemError9ExceptionE(vmodl.fault.SystemError)
--> [context]zKq7AUoCAgAAAGA8ZwAPdnB4YQAAv8UtbGlidm1hY29yZS5zbwAAMloSAA/QDQEOcw1saWJ2bW9taS5zbwABVDwNAbU/DQGpgg0B1VUNAhFZFnZweGEAAGM3IACOOyAAhYIgAMRCLgPKbABsaWJwdGhyZWFkLnNvLjAABE5JDWxpYmMuc28uNgA=[/context]
vpxa[8E7AB70] [Originator@6876 sub=vpxaInvtHostCnx opID=WFU-41a7] [VpxaInvtHost] Can't connect to hostd. Shutting down...
info vpxa[8E7AB70] [Originator@6876 sub=Default opID=WFU-41a7] [Vpxa] Shutting down now