This issue occurs on Macs with an SDXC (SD extended capacity) card slot and not on Macs with an SD card slot.
This issue occurs because the SDXC card slot included in newer Mac models is connected to the Mac using the PCIe bus and not using the USB bus that the original SD card slot uses. Therefore, the SDXC card slot cannot be connected to a virtual machine as a USB device.
To access the data on an SDXC card from a virtual machine, add the card's mounted volume as a shared folder in the virtual machine settings. For information on setting up a shared folder, see
Sharing a folder from your Mac to a virtual machine (1004055).