The table gp_stat_last_shoperation can be used to get that information.
Here below is an example:
## We did a password change
gpadmin=# alter user jimmy11 with password 'xxxxxxx';
ALTER ROLE
Time: 11.379 ms
## From the view pg_stat_last_shoperation, we can get the time of change and user oid for the password change
gpadmin=# select * from pg_stat_last_shoperation order by statime desc limit 1;
classid | objid | staactionname | stasysid | stausename | stasubtype | statime
---------+-------+---------------+----------+------------+------------+------------------------------
1260 | 16430 | ALTER | 10 | gpadmin | PASSWORD | 2023-10-26 15:12:07.94769+08
(1 row)
## We can get the user name via the user oid that aquired from the last step
gpadmin=# select rolname from pg_authid where oid = 16430;
rolname
---------
jimmy11
(1 row)