Using om curl and an Ops Manager API call, you can update the encryption passphrase as follows:
om -e env.yml curl -x PUT -p /api/v0/settings/decryption_passphrase -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "decryption_passphrase": { "current_passphrase": "example-passphrase", "new_passphrase": "new-passphrase", "new_passphrase_confirmation": "new-passphrase" } }'
To format the env.yml file, refer to the Platform Automation - Task Inputs and Outputs - env for more information. This file contains properties for targeting and logging into the Ops Manager API.