Using IIS Crypto, compare a connected systems' TLS Protocols & Cipher Suites settings to ensure the non-connected device uses the very same protocols and cipher suites
Once a match is confirmed, reboot the device in order for the settings to be applied
Once rebooted, confirm if device is now showing as connected in the console, and that the netstat -ano | findstr "41002" returns 'ESTABLISHED'
Additional Information
All other connection testing methods seem to show no issues with connection - only the netstat command from above proves to be incomplete/not correct