Critical registry locations were overwritten through; failed installation, improper registry changes, or failed GPO / SCCM pushes. The package GUID under [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\Products\[GUID] does not match the package installed.
Example:
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\UpgradeCodes\98113471A04147740B565CE52B278F1E] [GUID]