For both EC2 and RDS RIs, the platform calculates the RIs as a "pool" of hours that you have committed to spending each month. This pool is displayed as an Unused RI line item on the first day of said month. With each passing hour that pool is consumed as RIs are applied to instances, meaning the Unused RI total should decrease each day as the equivalent EC2 Compute/RDS Compute goes up.
At the end of the month, any remaining Unused RI cost is the total of hours that were not applied to instances.