What is the purpose of ADScan.exe process and how often does it run on the clients?
Release : 14.3 RU4
ADScan.exe process is a component of the App Discovery Feature from Hardening in 14.3 RU4. Hardening is a behavioral engine used to reduce the attack surface on the endpoint. The Hardening engine has App Control feature which controls what processes are allowed to run on the endpoint.
The Frequency of discovery of files and other items on your devices:
Well-known locations scan
Full disk scan
Does ADScan also run outsite of the named time windows because of missed scans? Or does ADscan ignore missed scans?
ADScan will run outside of its scheduled time if a scan is missed. This is the intended behavior.
Can two Adscann processes run at the same time?
Yes. The App Discovery retrieval request will also spawn an ADScan.exe. A scan can be running, while a data-retrieval request comes in. In that case, you'd see two ADScan processes running.