You noticed that some computers are getting policies that were not originally assigned to them.
Policies have been defined to go to a set of computers with an exclude defined ended up going to computers in the exclude filter.
ITMS 8.x, 8.7.x
There is a very unlikely scenario where during a filter update an excluded computer could fall briefly into a target allowing things to run on computers that should have been excluded.
For example:
When the Delta Resource Membership Update runs it clears the membership of the filter first then rebuilds it. If this takes 1 second and a computer that was in the exclude example above checked in, in the middle of that 1 second it could possibly get the policy if the membership cache was out of date and it had to evaluate its applicability again.
Suggestions: