The Alert log is used by Oracle to record issues in the database operation. It is useful to troubleshoot issues.
So where to find the Alert Log (normally named alert_protect.log) to troubleshoot database issues?
For all Oracle versions, the default log location is:
For Windows:
C:\oracle\diag\rdbms\protect\protect\trace\alert_protect.log
or
C:\app\Administrator\diag\rdbms\protect\protect\trace\alert_protect.log
For Linux:
/opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/protect/protect/trace/alert_protect.log
The alert.log is always located in the trace directory. The location of the trace directory may be changed by a DBA. If the alert log is not located in the listed directory, log into SQLPlus as sysdba, and type the following:
show parameter background_dump_dest
Note: The filename is alert_<SID>.log. If you are using a SID other than protect, the filename will be changed accordingly. Likewise, on Windows, if Oracle is installed on a drive other than C: (recommended for production installations), then you should look on that drive for the alert log.
The log can also be found with a file search for alert_<SID>.log.