For the SharePoint Crawler, you cannot use absolute paths.
In the console, go to Manage > Discover Scanning > Discover Targets > Add SharePoint Target > Filters tab.
You can provide filters using regular expressions, or paths relative to the location of the SharePoint site.
Filters can include a site collection, site, sub site, folder, file name, or file extension.
Filters cannot include the protocol or hostname.
Path filters are not applied on attachments of an item, such as a .doc attachment to a list item.
For example:
To exclude the site https://app-1234.foo.com/sites/travel/XYZ, the exclude filter *XYZ works.
But https://app* and https://app-1234.foo.com/sites/travel/XYZ* do not work.
The information above is extracted from the following TechDoc: