As per the error message the issue is database corruption and therefore unable to dump/backup the database. Therefore it needs to be repaired before taking a backup.
Dx NetOps Performance Management any version
Before starting to fix the database corruption, shut down all CA Performance Manager services to prevent database access during the repair process. If you need steps on how to shut down the CA PM processes you can view them here:
https://ca-broadcom.wolkenservicedesk.com/external/article?articleId=32043
After shutting down the four CA Performance Manager services, but leaving MySQL service running, then perform the following steps:
1. Log into the CA Performance Manager server at the command line as the root user
2. Change directories to the /opt/CA/MySql/bin directory.
3. To begin the repair of the tables:
mysqlcheck -uroot -pnetqos --repair --all-databases
4. Then run following command to list the status of all tables in all databases present:
mysqlcheck --all-databases
If all looks OK then restart the CAPM services, and then perform a MySQL backup and this should be if not resolved then open a support case with Broadcom support.